Plots dot histograms (L.H. Schmitt & A.R.G. McLachlan).
Options
TITLE = text |
Title for the plot; default * i.e. none |
|---|---|
AXISTITLE = text |
Title for the axis representing the data values; default * uses the name of the DATA variate if there is only one, otherwise no title |
WINDOW = scalar |
Window for the plot; default * uses window 1 when PEN is set, and window 3 when PEN is unset |
ORIENTATION = string token |
Direction of the plot (horizontal, vertical); default vert |
YORIENTATION = string token |
Direction of the y-axis for horizontal plots (reverse, normal); default reve |
SCREEN = string token |
Whether to clear screen before displaying chart (keep, clear); default clea |
JUSTIFICATION = string token |
How to position the dots; (right, left, centre, center, bottom, top, backtoback); default cent |
CREATEMISSINGLEVEL = text |
Whether to create a level for missing GROUPS data (yes, no); default no |
OMITEMPTYLEVELS = text |
Whether to omit levels of GROUPS for which there are no DATA values to plot (yes, no); default no |
SIZE = scalar |
Size of the pen used to plot the dots; default 1 |
KEYWINDOW = scalar |
Window to use for a key when PEN is set; default 2 |
BARWIDTH = scalar |
Width of the bars for the selected statistics; default * sets an appropriate width automatically |
SELECTION = string tokens |
Selects the statistics to be plotted (mean, median, interquartilerange); default * i.e. none |
BARTHICKNESS = scalar |
Thickness of the bars for the selected statistics; default 2 |
CMEAN = scalar, variate or text |
Colour of the bars for the means |
CMEDIAN = scalar, variate or text |
Colour of the bars for the medians |
CINTERQUARTILE = scalar, variate or text |
Colour of the bars for the inter-quartile ranges |
Parameters
DATA = variates or pointers |
Data to be plotted |
|---|---|
GROUPS = factors |
Factor to divide values of a DATA variate into groups |
COLOURS = scalars, variates, texts or factors |
Colours for the histograms in each plot, a scalar to use the same colour for all the histograms, or a variate or factor to plot each histogram in a different colour; default 'black' |
NOBSERVATIONS = tables |
Save tables of count |
PENS = variates, factors or pointers |
Pens to define colours for the individual dots; default uses those defined by the COLOURS parameter |
SYMBOLS = scalars, variates, texts or factors |
Symbols for the points |
DESCRIPTION = texts |
Annotation for key when PEN is set; default uses unique values of PEN |
Description
Dot histograms display each observation in a set of values as a dot. The observations are allocated to bins of equal range, and all the observations in a bin are plotted in a row. The values are supplied by the DATA parameter. If this is a variate and the GROUPS parameter is set, then dot histograms are plotted side-by-side, one for each level of the grouping factor. If DATA is set to a pointer of variates, a dot histogram is plotted for each variate, side-by-side, and the GROUPS parameter is ignored.
You can control the colours of the dots, using either the COLOURS or the PENS parameter. The COLOURS parameter defines the colour of a whole histogram. You can specify a scalar or single-valued text to define the colour to be used for all the dot histograms in the plot, or you can supply a variate, text or factor, with a different value for each dot histogram in the plot. The PENS parameter specifies the colours by specifying a pen for every dot in the display, and over rides the COLOURS parameter if both are specified. (Each colour is taken from that defined for the pen concerned; other pen settings like the symbol are ignored.) So, PENS must be set to a variate or a factor if DATA is set to a variate. Alternatively, if DATA is set to a pointer, PENS too must be set to pointer, containing either a set of variates, or a set of factors (one for each variate in the DATA pointer).
The SYMBOLS parameter can specify the symbols for a whole histogram, similarly to COLOURS. Like COLOURS, this can supply a scalar, a variate, a text or a factor. You can specify a scalar or single-valued text to define the symbol to be used for all the dot histograms in the plot, or you can supply a variate, text or factor with a different value for each dot histogram in the plot.
The NOBSERVATIONS parameter can save a two-way table of the number of dots in each row for each dot histogram in the plot.
By default, the dot histograms are plotted vertically with a row for each bin arranged along the y-axis, but you can set option ORIENTATION=horizontal to plot the histograms horizontally and the dots are then in columns. When ORIENTATION=horizontal, the horizontal axis is taken to be the y-axis, so the same XAXIS and YAXIS settings can be used however the histograms are oriented. Rows of dots in each dot histogram are usually centred on the x-axis but the JUSTIFICATION option gives control over this. They can be either centred (the default), right justified, left justified, top justified, bottom justified, or back-to-back to plot adjacent dot histograms back to back. The left and right settings and the top and bottom settings are provided for vertical and horizontal dot histograms, respectively, but left and bottom are synonyms, as are right and top. The YORIENTATION option controls the orientation of the y-axis when the histograms are plotted horizontally. By default this is reversed, so that the first histogram is at the top of the screen.
The TITLE and the AXISTITLE options can supply titles for the graph and for the axis along which the values are displayed (i.e. the y-axis when ORIENTATION=vertical). The WINDOW option specifies the window to use for the plot. The default is to use window 3 if PENS has not been set. Alternatively, if PENS has been set, the default is to use window 1, and the KEYWINDOW option specifies the window to use for a key (default 2). The KEYDESCRIPTION option can supply an overall title for the key. The default is to use the name of PENS data structure. The DESCRIPTION parameter can specify the annotation for key. With PENS variates, the default annotation uses their the unique values. With PENS factors it uses their labels if available, or otherwise their levels. The SCREEN option controls whether or not the screen is cleared before plotting.
Usually any units with missing values in the GROUPS factor are ignored, but you can set option CREATEMISSINGLEVEL=yes to create a level for these units. Also, by default, a null (blank) dot histogram is included for levels of the GROUPS factor that are unrepresented in the DATA variate but you can set option OMITEMPTYLEVELS=yes to omit these. This will also omit null dot histograms for variates with no observations in a DATA pointer. Option SIZE can be used to make the dots smaller or larger. This can alter the number of bins into which the data set is divided. The value of SIZE is reduced if the supplied value would cause dots to overlap.
The SELECTION option can specify one or more statistics to be included in the plot. These can be means or medians or inter-quartile ranges. The BARWIDTH option specifies the width of the bar to be used for each statistic; the default is 10% wider than the widest line of dots in the histogram. The BARTHICKNESS option specifies their thickness. This can be a scalar, or a variate with the same length as the number of selected statistics, specified in the order mean, median and inter-quartile range. The CMEAN, CMEDIAN and CINTERQUARTILE options specify the colours to be used for the means, medians and inter-quartile ranges, respectively. Their default is to use the values specified by the COLOURS parameter or, if COLOURS is not set, they use the colour of pen 1.
Options: TITLE, AXISTITLE, WINDOW, ORIENTATION, YORIENTATION, SCREEN, JUSTIFICATION, CREATEMISSINGLEVEL, OMITEMPTYLEVELS, SIZE, KEYWINDOW, KEYDESCRIPTION, STATISTICS, BARWIDTH, BARTHICKNESS, CMEAN, CMEDIAN, CINTERQUARTERILE.
Parameters: DATA, GROUPS, COLOURS, NOBSERVATIONS, PENS, SYMBOLS, DESCRIPTION.
Method
The dot histograms are plotted by DGRAPH, using the solid dot symbol. The colours of the histograms are defined by using the settings from the COLOURS parameter of DOHISTOGRAM in the COLOUR parameter of the PEN directive. See PEN for details of how Genstat interprets strings (defined by a text setting) or numbers (defined by a scalar or variate, or by the levels of a factor setting) as colours.
Action with RESTRICT
DATA variates or the GROUPS factor can be restricted to exclude units from the plot. Restrictions on PENS are ignored.
See also
Directive: DHISTOGRAM.
Procedures: BOXPLOT, DOTPLOT, STEM.
Commands for: Graphics.
Example
CAPTION 'DOTHISTOGRAM example','Fisher''s Iris data'; STYLE=meta,plain
FACTOR [NVALUES=150; LABELS=!t(Setosa,Versicolor,Virginica);\
VALUES=50(1,2,3)] Species
VARIATE [NVALUES=150] Sepal_L,Sepal_W,Petal_L,Petal_W
POINTER [VALUES=Sepal_L,Sepal_W,Petal_L,Petal_W] Measures
READ Measures[]
5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2
4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2
4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2
5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2
5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4
4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3
5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2
4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2
4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1
5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2
4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2
4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1
4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1
5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2
5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4
5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4
5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3
5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3
5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3
5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2
5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4
4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2
5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5
4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2
5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2
5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4
5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2
5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2
4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2
4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2
5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4
5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1
5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2
4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2
5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2
5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2
4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1
4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2
5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2
5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3
4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3
4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2
5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6
5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4
4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3
5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2
4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2
5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2
5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2
7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5
5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3
6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5
5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3
6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6
4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0
6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3
5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4
5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0
5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5
6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0
6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4
5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3
6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4
5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5
5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0
6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5
5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1
5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8
6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3
6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5
6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2
6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3
6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4
6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4
6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7
6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5
5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0
5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1
5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0
5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2
6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6
5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5
6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6
6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5
6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3
5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3
5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3
5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2
6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4
5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2
5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0
5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3
5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2
5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3
6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3
5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1
5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3
6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5
5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9
7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1
6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8
6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2
7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1
4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7
7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8
6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8
7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5
6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0
6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9
6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1
5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0
5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4
6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3
6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8
7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2
7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3
6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5
6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3
5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0
7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0
6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8
6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1
7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8
6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8
6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8
6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1
7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6
7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9
7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0
6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2
6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5
6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4
7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3
6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4
6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8
6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8
6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1
6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4
6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3
5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9
6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3
6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5
6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3
6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9
6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0
6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3
5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 :
DOTHISTOGRAM Petal_L; GROUPS=Species
& Measures; COLOURS=!t(Red,LimeGreen,Blue,Aqua)